www.UPSCPORTAL.com : "Today's Important News: 20 December 2011" plus 9 more

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• Today's Important News: 20 December 2011
• (IGP) IAS Pre Paper - 2: GS - General Mental Ability - Classification (MCQ -1)
• (IGP) IAS Pre Paper - 2: GS - General Mental Ability - Classification
• (IGP) IAS Pre: GS - Science & Technology : Biology - The Endocrine System (MCQ -5)
• (IGP) IAS Pre: GS - Science & Technology : Biology - The Endocrine System
• (IGP) IAS Pre: GS - Geography - World Geography General: Europe (MCQ -5)
• (IGP) IAS Pre: GS - Geography - World Geography General: Europe
• (Article) Central Legislation for Street Vendors
• (IGP) IAS Pre Paper - 2: GS - Basic Numeracy - Simplification (MCQ -2)
• (IGP) IAS Pre Paper - 2: GS - Basic Numeracy - Simplification

Today's Important News: 20 December 2011 Posted: 20 Dec 2011 03:05 AM PST Today's Important News (20-12-2011) The Hindu National: Lokpal Bill before Cabinet today "2G accused were in touch with Raja" Centre returns U.P. resolution New licensees were favoured at the cost of exchequer: CAG House panel to study farmer suicides proposed Package to benefit 3 lakh handloom weavers: Sharma UPA-BJP consensus on Pension Fund Authority Bill NHAI Bill makes way for professionals A study on caste disparity read more © 2011 www.upscportal.com INTEGRATED Guidance Programme for IAS 2012(CSAT) :: CSAT Sample Papers :: Current Affairs | CSAT Syllabus | UPSC MAINS PAPERS Get Your Dream Job. SUBMIT YOUR RESUME Online.

(IGP) IAS Pre Paper - 2: GS - General Mental Ability - Classification (MCQ -1) Posted: 20 Dec 2011 02:26 AM PST General Mental Ability Classification (MCQ -1) Directions (Q. No. 1-10): Choose the word which is look like the other words in the group 1. (a) House (b) Cottage (c) School (d) Palace read more © 2011 www.upscportal.com INTEGRATED Guidance Programme for IAS 2012(CSAT) :: CSAT Sample Papers :: Current Affairs | CSAT Syllabus | UPSC MAINS PAPERS Get Your Dream Job. SUBMIT YOUR RESUME Online.

(IGP) IAS Pre Paper - 2: GS - General Mental Ability - Classification Posted: 20 Dec 2011 02:11 AM PST General Mental Ability Classification Alphabet Classification In this type of classification, a group of jumbled letters, typically consisting a single or two or three or four letters are put together. The pattern or order in which they are grouped is to be identified and students need to find out which groups have the same pattern or relationship between the letters. There will be only one choice, which will have a different pattern from the rest and hence becomes the answer option. Example 1: Find the odd one among the following. (a) LY (b) GU (c) DQ (d) JW Solution. (b) Corresponding places in the first half and the second half of letters, except option (b). Find the odd man out. (a) AK (b) CM (c) EP (d) DN Solution. (c) Except EP {option (c)}, the rest has a gap of 10 letters between them. Example 2: Find the odd man out. (a) A (b) D (c) Y (d) U read more © 2011 www.upscportal.com INTEGRATED Guidance Programme for IAS 2012(CSAT) :: CSAT Sample Papers :: Current Affairs | CSAT Syllabus | UPSC MAINS PAPERS Get Your Dream Job. SUBMIT YOUR RESUME Online.

(IGP) IAS Pre: GS - Science & Technology : Biology - The Endocrine System (MCQ -5) Posted: 20 Dec 2011 01:25 AM PST Biology The Endocrine System (MCQ -5) 1. Consider the following statements. (i) The Endocrine system consists of glands that secrete chemical messages called hormones. (ii) Endocrine glands are a part of the Endocrine system. (iii) Hormones are grouped into 3 classes Steroids, peptides & amines Which of the options are correct? a) i & ii b) ii&iii c) i& iii d) iii read more © 2011 www.upscportal.com INTEGRATED Guidance Programme for IAS 2012(CSAT) :: CSAT Sample Papers :: Current Affairs | CSAT Syllabus | UPSC MAINS PAPERS Get Your Dream Job. SUBMIT YOUR RESUME Online.

(IGP) IAS Pre: GS - Science & Technology : Biology - The Endocrine System Posted: 20 Dec 2011 01:11 AM PST Biology The Endocrine System INTRODUCTION The nervous system coordinates rapid and precise responses to stimuli using action potentials. The endocrine system maintains homeostasis and long-term control using chemical signals. The endocrine system works in parallel with the nervous system to control growth and maturation along with homeostasis. HORMONES The endocrine system is a collection of glands that secrete chemical messages we call hormones. These signals are passed through the blood to arrive at a target organ, which has cells possessing the appropriate receptor. Exocrine glands (not part of the endocrine system) secrete products that are passed outside the body. Sweat glands, salivary glands, and digestive glands are examples of exocrine glands. Hormones are grouped into three classes based on their structure: Steroids Peptides Amines 1. STEROIDS Steroids are lipids derived from cholesterol. Testosterone is the male sex hormone. Estradiol, similar in structure to testosterone, is responsible for many female sex characteristics. Steroid hormones are secreted by the gonads, adrenal cortex, and placenta. 2. PEPTIDES AND 3. AMINES Peptides are short chains of amino acids; most hormones are peptides. They are secreted by the pituitary, parathyroid, heart, stomach, liver, and kidneys. Amines are derived from the amino acid tyrosine and are secreted from the thyroid and the adrenal medulla. Solubility of the various hormone classes varies. Synthesis, Storage, and Secretion Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol by a biochemical reaction series. Defects along this series often lead to hormonal imbalances with serious consequences. Once synthesized, steroid hormones pass into the bloodstream; they are not stored by cells, and the rate of synthesis controls them. Peptide hormones are synthesized as precursor molecules and processed by the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi where they are stored in secretory granules. When needed, the granules are dumped into the  bloodstream. Different hormones can often be made from the same precursor molecule by cleaving it with a different enzyme. Amine hormones (notably epinephrine) are stored as granules in the cytoplasm until needed. EVOLUTION OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS Most animals with well-developed nervous and circulatory systems have an endocrine system. Most of the similarities among the endocrine systems of crustaceans, arthropods, and vertebrates are examples of convergent evolution. The vertebrate endocrine system consists of glands (pituitary, thyroid, adrenal), and diffuse cell groups secreted in epithelial tissues. More than fifty different hormones are secreted. Endocrine glands arise during development for all three embryologic tissue layers (endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm). The type of endocrine product is determined by which tissue layer a gland originated in. Glands of ectodermal and endodermal origin produce peptide and amine hormones; mesodermal-origin glands secrete hormones based on lipids. i. Endocrine Systems and Feedback Cycles The endocrine system uses cycles and negative feedback to regulate physiological functions. Negative feedback regulates the secretion of almost every hormone. Cycles of secretion maintain physiological and homeostatic control. These cycles can range from hours to months in duration. ii. Mechanisms of Hormone Action The endocrine system acts by releasing hormones that in turn trigger actions in specific target cells. Receptors on target cell membranes bind only to one type of hormone. More than fifty human hormones have been identified; all act by binding to receptor molecules. The binding hormone changes the shape of the receptor causing the response to the hormone. There are two mechanisms of hormone action on all target cells. iii. Nonsteroid Hormones No steroid hormones (water soluble) do not enter the cell but bind to plasma membrane receptors, generating a chemical signal (second messenger) inside the target cell. Five different second messenger chemicals, including cyclic AMP have been identified. Second messengers activate other intracellular chemicals to produce the target cell response. iv. Steroid Hormones The second mechanism involves steroid hormones, which pass through the plasma membrane and act in a two step process. Steroid hormones bind, once inside the cell, to the nuclear membrane receptors, producing an activated hormone-receptor complex. The activated hormonereceptor complex binds toDNAand activates specific genes, increasing production of proteins. read more © 2011 www.upscportal.com INTEGRATED Guidance Programme for IAS 2012(CSAT) :: CSAT Sample Papers :: Current Affairs | CSAT Syllabus | UPSC MAINS PAPERS Get Your Dream Job. SUBMIT YOUR RESUME Online.

(IGP) IAS Pre: GS - Geography - World Geography General: Europe (MCQ -5) Posted: 20 Dec 2011 12:36 AM PST World Geography General Europe (MCQ - 5) 1. Match the following Gulf Separates i) Gulf of Riga                                 a) Finland and Estonia ii) Gulf of Finland                            b) Sweden and Finland iii) Gulf Bothnia                               c) Estonia and Latvia a) i-a, ii-b, iii-c b) i-c, ii-a, iii- b c) i-b, ii-c, iii-a read more © 2011 www.upscportal.com INTEGRATED Guidance Programme for IAS 2012(CSAT) :: CSAT Sample Papers :: Current Affairs | CSAT Syllabus | UPSC MAINS PAPERS Get Your Dream Job. SUBMIT YOUR RESUME Online.

(IGP) IAS Pre: GS - Geography - World Geography General: Europe Posted: 20 Dec 2011 12:18 AM PST World Geography General Europe Introduction Latitude : 34051'N to 81047'N Longitude : 24033'W to 69003'E Population : 60 corers Area: 1,04,98,000 sq. km. Size : Second smallest continent in the world in area, after America. Situation : Europe is situated between Ural Mountains in the east and the Atlantic Ocean in the west, in the west of Asia, and north of Africa. To the north of Europe lies Arctic Ocean, to the south lies the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea and the Caucasus Mountains and to the East Ural Mountains and the Caspian Sea. Europe and Asia as one common landmass, is known as 'Eurasia'. EUROPE : PHYSICAL Important Gulfs and Bays NAME SEPARATES PART OF SEA OR OCEAN Gulf of Riga Estonia and Latvia Baltic Sea Gulf of Finland Finland and Estonia Baltic Sea. Gulf of Bothnia Sweden and Finland Baltic Sea. English Channel Britain and Spain Atlantic Ocean Bay Biscay France and Spain Atlanic Ocean Gulf of Lions Lies to the south of France Mediterranean Sea. read more © 2011 www.upscportal.com INTEGRATED Guidance Programme for IAS 2012(CSAT) :: CSAT Sample Papers :: Current Affairs | CSAT Syllabus | UPSC MAINS PAPERS Get Your Dream Job. SUBMIT YOUR RESUME Online.

(Article) Central Legislation for Street Vendors Posted: 19 Dec 2011 09:21 PM PST Central Legislation for Street Vendors (Notes Useful in all Interviews conducted by UPSC; Civil Services (Exclusive): GS (CS Pre, CS Mains- Polity, National Affairs, Social Issues) & in optionals like Public Administration, Sociology, Geography (Regional Planning), Political Science, Law etc) New Policy: Rationale: The Ministry of Housing & urban Poverty Alleviation had come up with a new National Policy on Urban Street Vendors in 2009 after a comprehensive review of the previous policy. For Inclusive Growth, Poverty Alleviation The Policy underscores the need for a legislative framework to enable street vendors to pursue an honest living without harassment from any quarter. – Safeguarding Rights of Vulnerable Section. Rationale for New Law Central Government had drafted a Model Street Vendors (Protection of Livelihood and Regulation of Street Vending) Bill, 2009 and circulated to all States/UTs, requesting them to take a cue while legislating on the subject. But the progress on state legislation has not been encouraging. Central government has been receiving continuous representations from the individual street vendors and their organisations to bring a central legislation which would be uniformly and mandatorily applicable to all the states and UTs. Central government is working to evolve and effective and practical central legislation for protection of livelihood rights and social security of street vendors in consultation with all concerned stakeholders including State Governments. read more © 2011 www.upscportal.com INTEGRATED Guidance Programme for IAS 2012(CSAT) :: CSAT Sample Papers :: Current Affairs | CSAT Syllabus | UPSC MAINS PAPERS Get Your Dream Job. SUBMIT YOUR RESUME Online.

(IGP) IAS Pre Paper - 2: GS - Basic Numeracy - Simplification (MCQ -2) Posted: 19 Dec 2011 04:09 AM PST Basic Numeracy Simplification (MCQ -2) 1. If 217 × 15 = 3255, then 2.17 × 0.15 is (a) 32.55 (b) 0.3255 (c) 3.255 (d) 325.5 read more © 2011 www.upscportal.com INTEGRATED Guidance Programme for IAS 2012(CSAT) :: CSAT Sample Papers :: Current Affairs | CSAT Syllabus | UPSC MAINS PAPERS Get Your Dream Job. SUBMIT YOUR RESUME Online.

(IGP) IAS Pre Paper - 2: GS - Basic Numeracy - Simplification Posted: 19 Dec 2011 03:58 AM PST Basic Numeracy Simplification In simplification of an expression there are certain laws which should be strictly adhered to. These laws are as follows: 'VBODMAS' Rule This rule gives the correct sequence in which the mathematical operation are to be executed so as to find out the value of a given expression. Here, 'V' stands for Vicnaculum (or Bar), 'B' stands for 'Brcket', 'O' stands for 'Of', 'D' stands for 'Division', 'M' stands for 'Multiplication', 'A' stands for 'Addition' and 'S' stand for 'Subtraction'. (a) Here, 'VBODMAS' gives the order of simplification. Thus, the order of performing the mathematical operations in a given expression are First : Virnaculum or line bracket or bar Second: Bracket Third: Of Fourth: Division Fifth: Multiplication Sixth: Addition & Seventh: Subtraction The above order should strictly be followed. (b) There are four types of brackets. (i) Square brackets [ ] (ii) Curly brackets { } (iii) Circular brackets ( ) (iv) Bar or Virnaculum – Thus, in simplifying an expression all the brackets must be removed in the order '–', '( )', '{ }' and '[ ]'. Modulus of a Real Number The modulus of a real number x is defined as = x, if a > 0         |x| = x, if a < 0 Basic Formulae read more © 2011 www.upscportal.com INTEGRATED Guidance Programme for IAS 2012(CSAT) :: CSAT Sample Papers :: Current Affairs | CSAT Syllabus | UPSC MAINS PAPERS Get Your Dream Job. SUBMIT YOUR RESUME Online.

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