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Today's Important News: 19 December 2011
Today's Important News: 18 December 2011
(IGP) IAS Pre: GS - Indian History - Ancient India : Post Mauryan Period (200. BC-300 AD) (MCQ -5)
(IGP) IAS Pre: GS - Indian History - Ancient India : Post Mauryan Period (200. BC-300 AD) (Part -2)
(IGP) IAS Pre: GS - Indian History - Ancient India : Post Mauryan Period (200. BC-300 AD) (Part -1)
(Download) Frontline Magazine Dated : December 17 - 30, 2011
(IGP) IAS Pre: GS - Indian Polity - The Constitution of India: Directive Principles of State Policy (MCQ -5)
(IGP) IAS Pre: GS - Indian Polity - The Constitution of India: Directive Principles of State Policy

Today's Important News: 19 December 2011

Posted: 19 Dec 2011 03:15 AM PST

Today's Important News (19-12-2011)

The Hindu

National:

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Today's Important News: 18 December 2011

Posted: 19 Dec 2011 03:05 AM PST

Today's Important News (18-12-2011)

The Hindu

National:

(IGP) IAS Pre: GS - Indian History - Ancient India : Post Mauryan Period (200. BC-300 AD) (MCQ -5)

Posted: 19 Dec 2011 02:52 AM PST

Indian History
Post Mauryan Period (200. BC-300 AD) (MCQ -5)

1. Consider the following statements and mark the option which is correct.
(i) Chandragupta defeated Menander.
(ii) Wima Kadiphises assumed the title Deva ______ which was inspired by the title Swargpulra of the chinese emperor.
(iii) Shake Rule was founded by Maso or Moga.

(a) ii
(b) i & iii
(c) all of the above
(d) ii & iii

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(IGP) IAS Pre: GS - Indian History - Ancient India : Post Mauryan Period (200. BC-300 AD) (Part -2)

Posted: 19 Dec 2011 02:38 AM PST

Indian History
Post Mauryan Period (200. BC-300 AD) (Part -2)

The Vijaynagar Empire

1. Amaram	Land with a fixed revenue given to Nayaks.
2. Manyam	Tax free land
3. Sist	Land tax - 1/6
4. Valangais	Right — handers', a group of industrial class
5. Idangais	'Left handers' a group of industrial class
6. Ayagars	12 hereditary village unctionaries who took over the functions of the village assembly.
7. Rajya/Mandaam/Chavadi	Province
8. Nadu	District
9. Astadiggajas	Eight eminent scholars in the court of Krishna Deva Raya.
10. Varahas	Gold coins issued by Viajyanagara rulers, of 56 grains, issued in their haf and quarter denominations
11. Pagodas	Gold Varahas termed as by the foreigners particularly the portuguse
12. Rirupkasha	God Shiva, the main God of the early Vijayanagara rulers.
13. Lord Venketswara of	Associated with God Vishnu, who replaced Virupkasha during the origin of Venkata II, as the Tirupati principal deity
14. Andhra Bhoja	The names associated associated with Krishna Deva Ray a, because of his granting of liberal ptronage to
	Abhinav Bhoja Telugu literature.
	Andhra Pitamah
l5. Amuktamalyada	A Telugu work on polity by K. D. Raya
16. Car Festival	The concluding event of a festival celebration in a temple in which the idol of the deity was taken out in a chariot.
17. Amaranayakas	Feudatories who held lands of Icings and were bound by military ties
18. Raichur Doab	The region between the rivers Krishna & Godavari, the bone of contention between the Bahamanis and the Vijaynagar a rulers.
19. Chaturvedimangalams	Villages given in grants to the Brahmins.
20. Brahmadaya	Villages given in grants to the Brahmins
21. Mandalam	Province (in Tamil region
22. Nayankara	Military Chiefs who were granted amaran lands by kings
Nayakara	They had to pay a fixed annual financial contributions to imperial exchequer which was generally 14 (Reference from NUNTZ). Maintained troops to assist kings in times of war. They were guardian of law and order and administration in their areas. Office became hereditary later on when the kings became weak.
23. Devadana	Land gra nt to temples

The Pallavas

1. Damirike / Limerike	The Southern region of India mentioned in Ptolemy's writings
2. Vishnugopa	King of Kanchi, mentioned in Allahabad Prashasti
3. Kinchipulo	Kanchipuram, referred to by Hieun Tsang
4. Talopicha	The Dravida region (country), referred to by Hieun Tsang

The Cholas

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1. Vellala	Agriculturists
2. Variyam	Committee
3. AlunGanam	Executive Committee
4. Salabhoga	Tennures meant for educational purpose
5. Manigramam	Great Nagaram
6. Nanadesis	Merchant guild having wide network
7. Valanjiyar	Merchant guild
8. Anjuvanam	Foreign merchant organization
(IGP) IAS Pre: GS - Indian History - Ancient India : Post Mauryan Period (200. BC-300 AD) (Part -1) Posted: 19 Dec 2011 12:34 AM PST Indian History Post Mauryan Period (200. BC-300 AD) (Part -1) Foreign Rulers: Indo-Greeks 1. First contact — during the invasion of Alexander, 3 26-27 BC 2. Second contact — during the battle between Seleucas Nikator and Chandragupta Maurya 306 BC. Chandragupta defeated Seleucas and a matrimonial alliance was established First important Greek king was Demetrius. He issued bilingual coins. He was defeat by Pushyamitra Sunga. 3. Greek king: Menander or Milinda. His coins bear the image of Dhammachkra. He accepted Buddhismi The book Milinda-Panho is a collection of his questions and answers given by His capital was Sakal and Sialkot He was also defeated by Pushyamitra Sunga 4. Important king: Antaaliokus. His ambassador Heliodorus came to the court of a shunga king and created a garudadhwaj at Besnagar or Bhilsa and called himself a Parmbhagvat. 5. Greeks issued a large no. of coins. They were the first to issue gold coins. They introduced Hellenistic Art into India, the impact of which can be seen in the Gandhara Art. The Shakas They established control over Afghanistan, Punjab, Mathura, Western India and Upper Deccan. Shaka rule was founded by Maos or Moga. He finds mention in Mora inscription. His coins bear the image of Buddha and Shiva. Rudradaman was themost famous Shaka king. His Junagarh / Girnar Inscription. 150 AD is the first inscription in Chaste Sanskrit. This inscription is in small prose-poetry form. This inscription makes a mention of pair of Sudarshan Lak of Saurastra by Rudradaman's governor in Saurastra Suvisakha, the expense was borne by king's exchequer. The Pahalavas/Parthians The only important king was Gondophernes. St. Thomas reached India during his time. The Kushavas They belonged to Yuechi tribe. First king was Kujula Kadiphises Wima Kadiphises He adopted the title Devaputra which was inspired by the title Swargputra of the Chinese emperor. His capital was Purushpur (Peshawar). He introduced Saka era, 78 AD. His rule extended from Afghanistan to Mathura and Banaras. Being inspired by his teacher Parva he convened a Buddhist council at Kundalvana in Kashmir whose President was Vasumitra and Vice-President was Aswaghoasa. In the Council Mahavibhashsustra was compiled. He patronised Mathura Art and built a stupa at Purushpur. A headless statue of Kanishka has been discovered from village Mat in Mathura. His coins bear the images of Heracles, Sun, Moon, Shiva, Agni and Serapis. Nagarjuna, Charak and Mathur (a great diplomat) were associated with his court. SANGAM AGE Sources of Sangam Age In Ashokas inscription No. 2 & 13 there is description of Chera, Chola, Pandayas and Sri Lanka. Hatigumfa inscription of Kharvela of Kalinga. Sangam Texts. Three Sangams FIRST SANGAM Venue Tenmadurai Presided over by August V Sangam continued for 4400 years. No work of the first Sangam is available SECOND SANGAM Venue Kavatuparani/Alvai (Submerged in sea) Presided over by August & Tolkappiyar In this sangam the book Tolkaplyarn was written by Tolkappiyar. This book is written on Tamil Grammar VIRDSANGAM Venue Madurai Presided over by Nakkirar Somany works has been found of this Sangam. Sangam literature has two subject matters Aham (love) and Puram (war). 1. Astha Sangrah - 8 Books were written. Out of light two books were very important. Padittruptu — This book provides the History of Chera. Puma Nuru- Both of the books are based on war. 2. Astadasha Short work- Eighteen books has been written. Tirukural Written by Tiruvallur. Tirukural is considered as Bible of Southern India. Author Tiruvallur considered as the incarnation of "Brahma" Kural is also called Pancham Veda. 3. Pattu-Pattu- Another name of this book is Ten Idyls. This book provides the description of nature. FACTS ABOUT SANGAM AGE Sangam A college/assembly of literacy figures Devalayam Temple Ko King Yupas Sacrificial ports Avai Imperial Court Variyar Tax collector Maharum Supreme Court Puhar Harbour area Korai Land tax SANGAM AGE-POLITICAL SYSTEM 1. King was known as Ko, Mohnam, Iraivan, Korravan, Vendan etc. 2. Monarchy was a regular pattern of the government. 3. Royal emblems Pandayas Crap (A type of fish) Cholas Tiger Cheras Bow 4. Land tax was known as Karoi. It was the main source of revenue and 115 of the total produce. Tax Collector was known as Variyar Tax was known as Vari Offerings to the King Irabu 5. Departments Panchvaram Ministrial Council Amaichar Minister Orar Spies Duttar Messenger Enadi Senapati Padai Army SANGAM AGE-SOCIETY Caste— division was prevalent. Brahmins were a part of society. They were ambassadors, priests, ascetics, merchants, judicial advisors. (North Indian Brahmins were known a. Vadanar) Kshatriya & Vaishya were — not regular. Child Marriage was not known in this period. Sati was common, especially among the higher classes. Eight type of marriage were prevailing in the society but generally, two type of marriage were prevailing. Kalbhu- Without permission of Parent and without any customary. Karpu- With permission of parents. Pinch Tinnal was love marriage. read more © 2011 www.upscportal.com INTEGRATED Guidance Programme for IAS 2012(CSAT) :: CSAT Sample Papers :: Current Affairs \| CSAT Syllabus \| UPSC MAINS PAPERS Get Your Dream Job. SUBMIT YOUR RESUME Online.
(Download) Frontline Magazine Dated : December 17 - 30, 2011 Posted: 19 Dec 2011 12:10 AM PST Frontline Magazine Dated : December 17 - 30, 2011 { VOL.28 :: NO.26 } read more © 2011 www.upscportal.com INTEGRATED Guidance Programme for IAS 2012(CSAT) :: CSAT Sample Papers :: Current Affairs \| CSAT Syllabus \| UPSC MAINS PAPERS Get Your Dream Job. SUBMIT YOUR RESUME Online.
(IGP) IAS Pre: GS - Indian Polity - The Constitution of India: Directive Principles of State Policy (MCQ -5) Posted: 18 Dec 2011 11:06 PM PST Indian Polity Directive Principles of State Policy (MCQ -5) 1. A Uniform civil code mentioned in the directive principles of the state policy ensure a) Economic equality b) National security c) National integration d) Support for weaker sections of the society read more © 2011 www.upscportal.com INTEGRATED Guidance Programme for IAS 2012(CSAT) :: CSAT Sample Papers :: Current Affairs \| CSAT Syllabus \| UPSC MAINS PAPERS Get Your Dream Job. SUBMIT YOUR RESUME Online.
(IGP) IAS Pre: GS - Indian Polity - The Constitution of India: Directive Principles of State Policy Posted: 18 Dec 2011 10:54 PM PST Indian Polity Directive Principles of State Policy Definition. 36. In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, "the State" has the same meaning as in Part III. Application of the principles contained in this Part. 37. The provisions contained in this Part shall not be enforceable by any court, but the principles therein laid down are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws. State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people. 38. (1) The State shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social order in which justice, social, economic and political, shall inform all the institutions of the national life. (2) The State shall, in particular, strive to minimize the inequalities in income, and endeavour to eliminate inequalities in status, facilities and opportunities, not only amongst individuals but also amongst groups of people residing in different areas or engaged in different vocations. Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State. 9. The State shall, in particular, direct its policy towards securing— (a) that the citizens, men and women equally, have the right to an adequate means of livelihood; (b) that the ownership and control of the material resources of the community are so distributed as best to sub-serve the common good; (c) that the operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of wealth and means of production to the common detriment; (d) that there is equal pay for equal work for both men and women; (e) that the health and strength of workers, men and women, and the tender age of children are not abused and that citizens are not forced by economic necessity to enter avocations unsuited to their age or strength; (f) that children are given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthymanner and in conditions of freedom and dignity and that childhood and youth are protected against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment. Equal justice and free legal aid. 39A. The State shall secure that the operation of the legal system promotes justice, on a basis of equal opportunity, and shall, in particular, provide free legal aid, by suitable legislation or schemes or in any other way, to ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities. Organisation of village panchayats. 40. The State shall take steps to organise village panchayats and endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of self-government. Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases. 41. The State shall, within the limits of its economic capacity and development, make effective provision for securing the right to work, to education and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement, and in other cases of undeserved want. Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief. 42. The State shall make provision for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief. read more © 2011 www.upscportal.com INTEGRATED Guidance Programme for IAS 2012(CSAT) :: CSAT Sample Papers :: Current Affairs \| CSAT Syllabus \| UPSC MAINS PAPERS Get Your Dream Job. SUBMIT YOUR RESUME Online.